The science of nanotechnology leads to the development of materials that have special chemical structures that make them functional. These materials are frequently called “smart” as they respond to environmental stimuli with particular changes in some variables. Depending on changes in external conditions, "smart" materials change their properties (mechanical, electrical, appearance), their structure or composition, or their functions. Nanotechnology is the new wave of the future that is promising to achieve advances in medicine, manufacturing, high-performance materials, information technology, energy and environmental technologies.